Join each of the following pairs of sentences, using either a present or a perfect participle. Translate the new sentences into Russian.

Model: She hoped to find a will. She searched it everywhere.

           Hoping to find the will, she searched it everywhere

1. I knew that he was poor. I offered to pay his fare. Knowing that he was poor, I offered to pay his fare.

2. She became tired of my complaints about the plan. She turned it off. Becoming tired of my complaints about the plan, she turned it off.

3. She asked me to help. She realised that she couldn’t move it alone. Realising that she couldn’t move it alone, she asked me to help.

4. He thought he must have made a mistake somewhere. He went through his calculations again. Thinking he must have made a mistake somewhere, he went through his calculations again.

5. She saw that she could trust him absolutely. She gave him a blank cheque. Seeing that she could trust him absolutely, she gave him a blank cheque

6. The government once tried to tax people according to the size of their houses. They put a tax on windows. Once, trying to tax people according to the size of their houses, the government put a tax on windows.

7.  They announced the new plan (yesterday). They admitted that it was the worst economic settlement they’d ever had. Admitting that it was the worst economic settlement they’d ever had, they announced the new plan.

8. I spelled a word to an English-speaking person on the phone. I used the official Post Office alphabetical code. Spelling a word to an English-speaking person on the phone, I used the official Post Office alphabetical code

Model: The criminal removed all traces of his crime. He left the building.

     Having removed all traces of his crime the criminal left the building.

1. He had spent all his money. He decided to go home and ask for a job. Having spent all his money, he decided to go home and ask for a job

2. They found the money. They began quarrelling about how to divide it. Having found the money, they began quarrelling about how to divide it.

3. He returned from a business trip. He felt exhausted by his work. Having returned from a business trip he felt exhausted by his work.

4. Hector Grant was persuaded by the Sales Manager. Hector Grant opened up a new export Market in Abraca. Having been persuaded by the Sales Manager, Hector Grant opened up a new export Market in Abraca.

5.  I failed the exam twice. I agreed that I was not at subject. Having failed the exam twice, I agreed that I was not at subject

6. The manager increasedsales by almost twenty per cent. The manager decided to plough the profit into his business. Having increased sales by almost twenty per cent, the manager decided to plough the profit into his business.

7. He was warned about the audit. He prepared the monthly statements of account. Having been warned about the audit, he prepared the monthly statements of account.

8. General Mohammed studied the proposal. He invited Eduardo de Silveira to visit Nigeria as his guest. Having studied the proposal, General Mohammed invited Eduardo de Silveira to visit Nigeria as his guest.

What forms of participles do we use in the negative meaning?

Exercise 3

Choose “not” or “without” in the given sentences. Define the function of the participles in the sentences.

Model: Without / not having a signature on the payment order we

           couldn’t execute payment.

1. Not / without knowing all the details, he couldn’t consult her.

2. Not / without making an exceptionally high profit you won’t be criticised.

3. Not / without being guilty he didn’t feel his fault.

4. Not / without having been instructed by the manager of the firm, they insisted on the reduction of the financial backing of the company.

5. John sat not / without speaking to anybody and looked very worried.

6. You won’t manage to strike a balance not / without participating in the bank’s money policy committee.

7. Depository institutions can’t work not / without offering their customers the opportunity to pay recurring bills by telephone.

8. The annual simple interest states how much money the bank will pay on a deposit at the end of one year not / without compounding.

9. Not / without having their own lorries they couldn’t keep the budget.

10. Not / without having placed the order with the firm, they won’t receive a quotation to supply office furniture.

11. Not / without having a capacity to produce the order, they refused to take it in addition to the budgeted turnover.

12. It’s natural that Coburn will be reluctant to ship $400,000 worth of gears not / without first having some assurance they will get paid.