TASK 1 Read and translate the text (25 min, 1 point)

«Mechanisms and Simple Machines»

Mechanism: the fundamental physical or chemical processes involved in or responsible for an action, reaction or other natural phenomenon.

Machine: an assemblage of parts that transmit forces, motion and energy in a predetermined manner.

Simple Machine: any of various elementary mechanisms having the elements of which all machines are composed. Included in this category are the lever, wheel and axle, pulley, inclined plane, wedge and the screw.

The word mechanism has many meanings. In kinematics, a mechanism is a means of transmitting, controlling, or constraining relative movement. Movements which are electrically, magnetically, pneumatically operated are excluded from the concept of mechanism. The central theme for mechanisms is rigid bodies connected together by joints.

A machine is a combination of rigid or resistant bodies, formed and connected so that they move with definite relative motions and transmit force from the source of power to the resistance to be overcome. A machine has two functions: transmitting definite relative motion and transmitting force. These functions require strength and rigidity to transmit the forces.

The term mechanism is applied to the combination of geometrical bodies which constitute a machine or part of a machine. A mechanism may therefore be defined as a combination of rigid or resistant bodies, formed and connected so that they move with definite relative motions with respect to one another.

Although a truly rigid body does not exist, many engineering components are rigid because their deformations and distortions are negligible in comparison with their relative movements.

The similarity between machines and mechanisms is that

• they are both combinations of rigid bodies
• the relative motion among the rigid bodies are definite.

TASK 2 Retell the text (25 min, 2 points)

TASK 3 Explain the difference between two pictures (20 min, 1 points)

The difference between machine and mechanism is that machines transform energy to do work, while mechanisms so not necessarily perform this function. The term machinery generally means machines and mechanisms. Figure 1 shows a picture of the main part of a diesel engine. The mechanism of its cylinder-link-crank parts is a slider-crank mechanism, as shown in Figure 2.

Рис.1. Cross section of a power cylinder in a diesel engine

Рис.2. Skeleton outline

TASK 2 Explain the difference between two following pictures (20 min, 1 point)

Рис.1. Gear train

Рис.2. Compound gears

 

Вывод по практической работе:

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Преподаватель:                                                            А.А. Колосова

Практическая работа № 82

Тема: Промышленное оборудование

Цель: Формирование навыков пересказа и перевода текстов профессиональной направленности для работы в коллективе и команде, эффективного общения с коллегами, а также брать на себя ответственность за результат выполнения заданий; изучение новой профессиональной лексики для использования информационно-коммуникационных технологий в профессиональной деятельности.