XX II . Выберите и переведите только те предложения, которые содержат НПО в начале предложения

1. An instrument for measuring temperature is called a thermometer. 2. Being on a business trip my friend could not come to see me on my birthday. 3. The energy sources of the world decreasing, scientists must find a new one. 4. Atom splitting in the reactor, heat is developed. 5. Information being interesting, I made notes. 6. That branch of engineering presented great interest for us. 7. Electricity passing through the cable, it became heated. 8. A wire being used’as a conductor must not have high resistance.

XX III. Выберите и переведите предложения с НПО в конце предложения

 

1. We saw a number of young people playing tennis on a sport ground. 2. Our workers rationalize production, the scientists giving them full assistance. 3. In the Soviet Union great atten­tion is paid to the peaceful use of atomic energy, its importance growing from year to year. 4. Plastics have many advantages over natural products, our building industry making extensive use of them. 5. Decreasing the temperature we slow down the reaction. 6. Molecules are constantly in rapid motion, the motion becoming more and more rapid with the increase in temperature.

 

XX IV. Переведите предложения, определив обстоятельственный и независимый причастный обороты

1. Getting no aid from the government, Yablochkov had to spend all his money on his invention. 2. His money having come to an end, he had to leave his country.   3. Having come to France, he was given the possibility to carry on his experiments in the la­boratory of a well-known scientist. 4. A series of attempts hav­ing been made, he came to a successful solution of the problem. 5. Evacuating the bulb, Lodygin created the most reliable condi­tion for the incandescent filament (нить накаливания). 6. The invention of the incandescent filament lamp belongs to Lodygin, he being the first who thought of tungsten as a material suitable for the purpose.

 

XX IV Итоговое. Проанализируйте предложения. Выпишите их но­мера в соответствующую графу таблицы. Пере­ведите некоторые из них по просьбе преподавателя

 

1. Physics is a science dealing with phenomena connected with the transformation of matter and energy.

2. The English system of weights and measures is used in Great Britain and other English speaking countries.

3. The units used for measuring time are called the second, the minute, the hour.                                           

4. Water becomes ice when cooled.

5. The experiment described attracted great attention.

6. Such difficult exercises should be done especially careful when studying English grammar.

7. A body reversing its motion from time to time and returning at regular intervals to its original position has a motion of vibration.

8. The electrons move with varying velocities, their velocity depending on the temperature and nature of the material.

9. Electrons moving through a wire, electrical energy is generated.

10. The resistance being very high, the current in the circuit was very low.

11. The engineers applying new methods of design, good results were achieved.

12. The results of voting having been declared, people found out the names of their deputies.

13. Having informed people on the date of the conference we had to send them invitations.

14. The problems being discussed were listed.

15. Many common types of electronic computers are now being used in our scientific research laboratory.

 

функции   формы	опред.	обстоят.	часть сказ.	в составе НПО в нач. пр.	В составе НПО в конце пр.
P. I active
P. I passive
P. II
Perf. P. active
Perf. P. passive

 

THE GERUND (ГЕРУНДИЙ)

 

Информация I

 

Герундий - это неличная форма глагола, выражающая процесс дей­ствия и совмещающая в себе свойства, глагола и существительного.

Герундий совпадает по форме с причастием. В русском языке герундия нет.

 

Формы герундия

Active                                    Passive

Indefinite	writing	being written
Perfect	having written	having been written

 

Герундий в форме Indefinite (Active и Passive) выражает дей­ствие, одновременное с действием сказуемого или относящееся к будущему.

In describing the experiment he                  При описании опыта он дает gives every detail of the process.                     все подробности процесса.

I think of going to Leningrad                     Я думаю о поездке в Ленинград

nex year.                                                            на следующий год.

Герундий в форме Perfect (Active и Passive) выражает действие, предшествовавшее действию сказуемого.

I regret having told her about it.

Я сожалею, что рассказал ей об этом.

 

Информация II

Формальные признаки герундия

Перед герундием (в отличие от причастия) могут стоять:

1. предлог (by, in, of, without, on, instead of, in addition to, for, after, before и др.);

by measuring

 

2. притяжательное местоимение (mу, your, her, his, its, our, their);

mу coming, his being sent

 

3. существительное в притяжательном падеже;

this scientist's studying

 

Перевод герундия на русский язык

Герундий может переводиться:

1. существительным

2. неопределенной формой глагола

3. деепричастием

4. глаголом-сказуемым придаточного дополнительного предложения.