Degrees of Comparison of adjectives and adverbs

Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий

	DEGREES:	POSITIVE положительная	COMPARATIVE сравнительная	SUPERLATIVE превосходная
I.	односложные двусложные		-er-	-est-
small big nice	smaller bi gg er nicer	the smallest the bi gg est the nicest
– y –	y à i + er-	y à i + est-
funny	funnier	the funniest
II.	многосложные		- more / - less	- most / - least
beautiful	more beautiful less beautiful	the most beautiful the least beautiful

III.	исключения	1.	many much	more	(the) most
2.	little	less	(the) least
3.	good(adj)-хороший well(adv)-хорошо	better	(the) best
4.	bad(adj)-плохой badly(adv)-плохо	worse [wз:s]	(the) worst[wз:st]
5.	far –далёкий, дальний	farther [a:] further [з:]	the farthest the furthest

too beautiful –слишком красивая much / far + сравнительная степень, than… -гораздо / намного, чем…

 

much better = far better – гораздо / намного лучше

much more beautiful = far more beautiful - гораздо / намного кра`сивее

 

· as + adjectiveas …– такой же …, как … · not so (as) + adjective as …– не такой …, как …

My sister is as kind as our mother. … такая же добрая, как …

My brother is not so (as) tall as our father. … не такой высокий, как …

· the + сравнительная степень, the + сравнительная степень –чем …, тем

the more, the better – чем больше, тем лучше

the less, the worse - чем меньше, тем хуже

ADVERB -наречие

adjective + ly

bad – badly nice – nicely

happy- happi+ly = happily beautiful – beautiful + ly= beautifully systematic –systematic+ al + ly =systematically

TO BE -быть, находиться, являться

PRESENT SIMPLE -настоящее: am, is (ед.ч.), are (мн.ч.) - есть

(+)	(?)	(+)	(--)
I am cold	AmI cold?	Yes, I am (cold).	No, I am not (cold).
He She is cold. It	he Is Isshe cold? it	he Yes, she is(cold). it	he No, sheis not(cold). it
We You are cold. They	we Are you cold? they	we Yes, you are(cold). they	we No, you are not(cold). they

PAST SIMPLE -прошедшее:

was [wɔz] - (ед.ч.) – был(а),

were [wз:] (мн.ч.) – были

(+)	(?)	(+)	(--)
I He wascold. She	I Washe cold? she	I Yes, he was(cold). she	I No, he was not (cold). she
We Youwerecold. They	we Wereyou cold? they	we Yes, you were (cold). they	we No, you were not (cold). they

FUTURE SIMPLE– будущее: will be

(+)	(?)	(+)	(--)
I He She It will becold. We You They	I he she Will it becold? we you they	I he she Yes, it will be (cold). we you they	I he she No, it will not be (cold) we you they

INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS

вопросительные местоимения

Who[hu:]–кто What[wɔt]–что, какой Which[wi tʃ] – который Where [weə] – где, куда Why [wai] – почему Whose [hu:z] – чей Who(m)[hu:m] – кого How[hau]–как How many / How much – сколько

Who are you? – I am Tom Brown What street is it? – It is Pushkin street. Which number of the houseis it? Wherewere you yesterday? Why are they here? Whose book is it? Who(m) will you meet today? How are you? How many days are warm in summer? How much money is it?

THE ORDER OF WORDS IN A SENTENCE

Главные члены предложения	Второстепенные члены предложения
подлежащее + сказуемое	дополнение	обстоятельство
	наречие времени	глагол	прямое	косвенное	места	времени
Кто? Что?	Как часто?	Что делает?	Что?	Кому?	Где?	Когда?
Alice I	usually always	gives take	milk books	to her cat for him	in the kitchen in the library	every day. on Mondays

THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

Ø выражает:

1) обычные, повторяющиеся действия, которые отражаются в обстоятельствах времени:

перед смысловым глаголом	в конце (начале) предложения
always [`ɔ:lwiz] - всегда usually [`ju:ʒuəli] – обычно = generally [`dʒenərəli] = normally [nɔ:məli] often [`ɔ:fən] – часто = frequently [`frikwəntli]	sometimes [`s۸mtaimz] - иногда = occasionally [ɔ`keiʒənəli] seldom [`seldəm] – редко = rarely [`reəli] never [`nevə] – никогда	every = each day / week/ month/ year/ Friday on Mondays once (twice) a year(a day) four times a day(a week) as a rule – как правило

 

I usually go to school bybus. But sometimes I walk.

2) общепринятые истины:

The Earth goes round the sun.

 

Ø образуется:

V

- I (we, you, they) go

V+ (e)s

- he (she, it) goes

(?)	(+)	(-)
DoyouspeakEhglish? Does[d۸z] shespeakEhglish?	Yes, I do. Yes, she does.	No, I don’t. No, she doesn’t.